On the Awakening of Female Consciousness in The Color Purple from the Perspective of Gaze Theory从凝视理论视角看《紫色》中女性意识的觉醒文献综述

 2023-04-24 06:04

文献综述

Introduction1.1 Research BackgroundAlice Walker is a female American novelist, poet and social activist. Her works reflect the struggle of black women for their rights. The Color Purple is her representative works, which consists of 94 letters and was first published in 1982. In 1983, Purple won three awards representing the highest honor of American Literature: the Pulitzer Novel Award, the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Association Award. In 1985, the famous director Spielberg made it into a film. The heroine Celie is played by Whoopi Goldberg. The film won 11 Oscar nominations. Since then, Purple has become a required reading of black literature and womens literature in American universities. The book has become a classic of Western feminist literature. Examining the black problem in the United States around the world, it exposes racial oppression and racial discrimination, and at the same time, it further proves that the black problem in the United States is a worldwide problem and an aspect of the discrimination and oppression suffered by the black people in the third world. The Color Purple mainly describes the story of black women seeking themselves in the adversity caused by patriarchal society. Although slavery was abolished in the American Civil War, the social status of blacks has not been improved, and the voice against racial discrimination has grown louder, racial discrimination whether in the past or now is still a big problem. It is normal for black people to be discriminated against, and black women are in dire straits. They are not only discriminated against by white people in society, but also discriminated against by black men in their families. Alice Walker in this work proposes a logical solution to the dual problems of gender and race for black women: by combining the struggle against racism with the struggle against sexism, through the mutual help and love among women and the suggestion of a harmonious and equal relationship among the sexes, they can strive for a new life of self-respect, self-reliance and self-improvement, and then achieve the unity of the whole nation, Although it is idealistic, it brings hope to the liberation of women around the world. At the same time, Walker also revealed how black men reflect themselves to achieve growth and transformation, which reflects the authors love for her nation and traditional culture.People can learn from the tragedy of the heroine Celie: if black women want to find their dignity and independent self, they must maintain their own values and economic viability. Blacks and whites, men and women need to turn mutual exclusion into integration. In this way, they can achieve a true coexistence with the recognition of their respective traditions and differences. 1.2 Need of the studyAfter its publication in 1982, The Color Purple became a best-selling novel and attracted the attention of the critics, and its form, content, and theme have many instructive research results. Most studies have emphasized ethnic culture, artistic features. However, under the gaze theory, there is no research domestic and abroad on how Celie alienated herself gradually under the gaze of 'the other'. That is, there is no research about Celies self-alienation under the gaze theory. Therefore, this paper aims to do some innovative research. Literary criticism should be enriched and expected to evaluate Alice Walkers novel from multiple perspectives. By adopting the gaze theory of Jean-Paul Sartre to guide the analysis, this thesis will attach importance to Celies self-alienation under the gaze of white people, black men. This thesis 1.3 Structure of the thesisThis thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is the origin and connotation of gaze theory. The second part is how Celie is gazed at by her family, losing her subjectivity gradually and internalizing herself into others values. The third part is about Celie and other black women, additionally Celie, struggling to fight against the gaze of society. The fourth part analyzes how Celie regained her subjectivity by other black women, recognized her independent personality clearly, and reconstructed her subjectivity. 2. Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 2.1 Previous studies abroadSince the publication of the Chinese translation of The Color Purple, there has been a wave of studies in China, and quite a few experts have conducted valuable research and discussion on this book. Research (Talif object, the White man is overdetermined as subject. Sartre (1943) holds the view that gaze can be closed-off or open. The open gaze exerts a positive effect on peoples lives. The closed-off gaze, by contrast, determinedly and obsessively identifies and objectifies people in certain ways. This kind of gaze leads to radical forms of stigmatization, rejection and exclusion.Another research reveals that the seemingly natural images of black women are actually cultural constructs, and the reconstruction of cultural constructs is a prerequisite for the liberation of these women. Walkers novel offers a black feminist narrative of once-paranoid women who develop a critical awareness for self-actualization and self-empowerment, and develops a new set of principles to reevaluate black women (Biswas, 2021).2.2 Previous studies at homeThere are many papers analyzing The Color Purple from a feminist perspective. Gong Yunxia (2007) argues that women can break the shackles of patriarchy, womens mutual assistance and economic independence. These three pathways are built on the establishment of self-awareness. Zhang Yuhong (2008) seeks from the perspective of Alice Walkers feminist theory, systematically analyzing how black women lose their self-identity in the dynamic American society, seek self-identity and successfully realize the process of self-identity.Xiong Hui (2008) believes that the prerequisite for women to gain respect and equal treatment from men is to realize their self-worth. Liu Xiling (2009) holds that black women can obtain equal status after they achieve economic independence. Wang Ke (2014) argues that Walker analyzes the ideological consciousness and psychological state of black people by describing these black women with distinct personality characteristics, and criticized and criticized them from the perspective of black culture. It also exposes the evils of black patriarchy and white racism.2.3 The Gaze Theory'Gaze' is an important term in contemporary literary theory and a dynamic mode of movement with power and desire. As a visual practice, it includes not only the subject of gaze, but also 'the other' to be seen. It is a dialectical relationship between the subject of gaze and 'the other'. Jean-Paul Sartre was the first philosopher to propose a theory of the gaze and analyze the system of visual inhibition. He found that under the watch of others, people tend to do what others want to do to meet their expectations, which was often against their own will. Eventually, the person being watched gradually becomes alienated and even lost. By applying Sartres gaze theory to the analysis of the novel, people can find that the influence of the dominant white culture, the lack of status equality in the black family and the fragility of the ego are the reasons for the tragedy of Celie. ReferencesAbel, Elizabeth. (1981), Emerging Identities: The Dynamics of Female Friendship in Contemporary Fiction by Women.Signs 6, 48 (4), 434-435. Allen, Richard. (2001). 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